The benefits of dietary fiber extend beyond digestive health, as dietary fiber-derived metabolites produced by gut microbiota can influence immune function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are secondary metabolites produced by the gut microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fibers. Notably, soluble dietary fibers such as inulin and pectin can be metabolized by gut bacteria into SCFAs, including butyrate. They act as important signaling molecules that reduce inflammation and balance the immune system.
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