Interest in plant-based wound treatments has grown due to traditional method limitations, antimicrobial resistance, and the need for safer options. Coniferous resin from Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been used in Northern European folk medicine for treating skin wounds and infections for centuries. Recent studies have validated these applications, with clinical trials showing refined spruce resin products effectively treat complex wounds and demonstrate antimicrobial properties against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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